Volume 2 (2026)

1

Research Article

The Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools, for Example, ChatGPT, by Oncology Residents in Nigeria

Kosisochukwu Udeogu^*, Okezie Ikenna Ibeleme, Prince Chinonso Okite, Ofure Angela Ogbidi

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly demonstrated benefits across multiple sectors, including healthcare. Despite its expanding applications, adoption of generative AI in Oncology residency training in Africa remains limited. This study assessed the knowledge, usage patterns, perceptions, and challenges associated with generative AI tools among Oncology residents in Nigeria,...

Aug, 2026 pp. 144-151

2

Research Article

Mucinous carcinoma upregulates targets ‎of small ‎molecule ‎inhibitors of cancers: implications ‎for ‎targeting oncogenic mucins in the colorectal cancer microenvironment

Henry Ebili^*, Adesoji Ebenezer Adetona, Patrick Akintunde Akintola, Uchenna Simon Ezenkwa, Kazeem Adeyinka Adegboyejo, Ayotunde O. Ale, Yusuf Abdullahi

Background: Mucinous colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a distinct histological subtype ‎associated with abundant extracellular mucin production, adverse clinicopathological features, ‎chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. However, the tumour microenvironment (TME) signalling ‎characteristics of mucinous CRC and its potential vulnerabilities to anti-mucin small molecule ‎inhibitors (SMIs) remain incompl...

Aug, 2026 pp. 219-241

3

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.77gb18rs

Assessing the Effect of Health Education on Knowledge of Breast and Cervical Cancer Among Secondary School Girls in Southeastern Nigeria

Kosisochukwu Udeogu^*, Nneoma Nwakaego Shiweobi, Chimdindu Peace Ugwuanyi, Nwamaka Lasebikan

Introduction: Breast and cervical cancers are major public health concerns in Nigeria, contributing substantially to cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Low awareness contributes to late presentation and poor outcomes. Adolescence presents an opportunity to instill preventive health behaviors, yet knowledge levels among Nigerian secondary school girls remain suboptimal. This study assessed th...

Jul, 2026 pp. 152-160

4

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.jb7ksbau

Evaluating the Prevalence of Nurse-led Spiritual Care and Coping Strategies among Cancer Patients at Asi-Ukpo Cancer Centre

Oiza Tessy Ahmadu^*, Ogabor N. Godwin

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, where spirituality is deeply embedded in the lived experience of illness, nurse-led spiritual care holds particular relevance. Despite growing international evidence, site specific data from Nigerian oncology centres on its impact on patient coping remain scarce. Objective: To assess the prevalence of nurse-led spiritual care and faith based coping strategies of...

Jul, 2026 pp. 129-144

5

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.55xb0hh0

PATTERN OF PRESENTATION OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN A TERTIARY CARE FACILITY, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA A Ten-Year Retrospective Review

Emmanuel Aimebelomo Ikhile^*, Ayorinde M. Folasire

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide and the leading gastrointestinal malignancy globally. In Nigeria, CRC has risen from the tenth to the fourth most common cancer in a single decade, yet organized screening is virtually absent and most patients present with advanced disease. METHODS A retrospective review of 300 histologically confirmed CRC ...

Jul, 2026 pp. 112-128

6

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.6ud9ie6w

Comparative Overall Survival and Time to Progression Across Four HDR Brachytherapy Fractionation Regimens in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study at UCH Ibadan, Nigeria

Emmanuel Aimebelomo Ikhile^*, Ayorinde M. Folasire, Jummai Desiree Jimeta-Tuko

BACKGROUND Locally advanced cervical cancer represents the dominant presentation in sub-Saharan Africa, where radiotherapy remains the primary curative modality. High-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy is an essential component of definitive chemoradiation; however, the optimal fractionation schedule in resource-limited settings remains debated. This study compared overall survival and t...

Jul, 2026 pp. 32-42

7

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.b0izg2ej

TRAVEL DISTANCE FOR RADIOTHERAPY IN NIGERIA: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CASES MANAGED AT A RADIOTHERAPY CENTER. REVISED MANUSCRIPT

Nuhu Tumba^*, Sunday A. Adewuyi, Kelechi Eguzo

Background Travel distance affects access to healthcare services and can influence service utilization and patient outcomes in cancer care. In Nigeria, the limited availability of radiotherapy facilities, uneven geographical distribution, and unpredictable equipment functionality make patients to travel long distances to access treatment. Objectives This study examined the actual distance trave...

Jul, 2026 pp. 18-31

8

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.g3kv8fhl

INVESTIGATING GEOGRAPHIC AND FINANCIAL ACCESS OF CANCER PATIENTS TO RADIOTHERAPY SERVICES IN UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL CANCER CENTER, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA

Abba Ali Tijjani^*, Shehu Salihu Umar, Auwal Abubakar, Yahaya Salisu Sadiq, Anthonia Sowunmi, Hassan Ibrahim, Musa Ali-Gombe, DA Bojude D

Introduction: Access to radiotherapy remains grossly inadequate, especially in low-and-middle income (LMIC) countries like Nigeria.7 With only about 14 functional linear accelerators and 8 high-dose rate brachytherapy machines available to serve a population of about 230 million people, access to radiotherapy is grossly limited in Nigeria.8,9 Even with the shortage, there is significant disparity ...

Jul, 2026 pp. 1-17

9

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.vj6wofc9

Hematological and Clinical Predictors of Survival in Cervical Cancer Patients in Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Ajibike Orekoya, Abbas A Abdus-Salam, Adeniyi Adenipekun, Atara I Ntekim, Bolaji L. Salako

Background: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality in low-resource settings. Hematological abnormalities such as anemia and leukocytosis are common and may influence prognosis. Objective: To evaluate baseline hematological profiles and their association with overall survival among cervical cancer patients treated at the Radiotherapy Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan...

Jul, 2026 pp. 91-111

10

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.kx597vyv

Exploring Body Image and Sexual Functioning Among Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study in a Private Teaching Hospital, Oyo State, Nigeria

Adetunmise Olajide^*, Akindele Akinremi Samuel, Tope Olubodun, Yetunde Omolola Oyedeji, Oluwatosin Ope-Babadele, Oyeronke Olubunmi Bello, Eunice Oluwakemi Ogunmodede, Esther Famutimi, Ebenezer Oluniyi Oyedeji, Deborah Tolulope Esan

Background: Prostate cancer treatment affects men’s perceptions of body image, masculinity, and sexual functioning. While these experiences are well studied in Western contexts, limited evidence exists on how survivors in African settings reconstruct identity and intimacy following treatment. Aim: This study explored perceptions of body image and sexual functioning among prostate cancer survivors...

Jul, 2026 pp. 161-178

11

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.zipmlhty

SURVIVAL AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASIS AFTER PALLIATIVE RADIOTHERAPY TO THE BRAIN IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Ademola Oyekan, Omolara Fatiregun, Chiamaka Godsgift Ehiedu^*, Rebecca K.S. Wong

Background: Brain Metastases are a devastating complication of Cancer affecting 20-40% of patients with systemic disease. Patients with brain metastasis have limited survival; therefore, improving the quality of life of the patient is the primary goal of treatment by employing treatment with minimal complications. Aims: To assess median survival and the quality of life of patients who received Wh...

Jul, 2026 pp. 189-202

12

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.jnyc7cxc

CHILDHOOD CANCER CONTROL IN RESOURCE-POOR SETTINGS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF CHALLENGES USING THE HEALTH SYSTEMS PLUS FRAMEWORK

AHMED Saleh^*, Taiye T. Ibiyeye, Ngozi P. Udechukwu, Kaltumi Shuaibu, Sikemi T. Oluleye, Heather Fosburgh, Catherine G. Lam

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood cancer control in resource-poor settings faces multiple barriers across the continuum of care, from delayed diagnosis to treatment abandonment and limited survivorship support. While individual challenges are well-documented, understanding how they interact and reinforce one another is essential for designing effective interventions. The Health Systems Plus (HS+) Fr...

Jul, 2026 pp. 203-218

13

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.fmbbo9f9

Breast cancer in Nigeria, current evidence and pathways to scale early detection

Ismail Zubairu^*, Aminu Bello Liman, Shehu Umar, Munir Sani, Benjamin O. Popoola

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Nigerian women and a leading cause of cancer death. The national burden continues to grow amid late presentation, limited organized screening, and fragmented pathways to diagnosis and treatment. Drawing on global guidance and Nigerian evidence, this narrative review synthesizes the epidemiology of breast cancer in Nigeria, appraises screeni...

Jul, 2026 pp. 57-67

14

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.1dtbmsij

Histomorphologic spectrum of cutaneous keratinocytic tumours: A Five year retrospective study from Zaria,Nigeria.

Sani Kamarudeen O.^*, Samaila Modupeola Samaila, Nggada Asura Haruna, Kabir Balarabe, Adamu Ali Zainab, Shehu Salihu Umar, Lawal Mudashiru, Lawan Harrison David, Ifusumu Rimamskep, Gazali Yusuf Kalli, Kwapmi Nicholas N., Shuaibu Shittu, Othman Ishaku A., Aminu Bello Liman

Background: Cutaneous keratinocytic tumours represent a broad spectrum of benign and malignant skin lesions with diverse histomorphologic features and epidemiological patterns. Despite their clinical significance, there is limited region-specific data from Northern Nigeria, particularly regarding their distribution and morphological characteristics. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the...

Jul, 2026 pp. 43-56

15

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.i4mh86kp

HEALTH-SYSTEM DETERMINANTS OF RETINOBLASTOMA OUTCOMES: A STRUCTURED AUDIT OF DIAGNOSTIC, THERAPEUTIC, AND SUPPORTIVE RESOURCES RELATIVE TO SIOP STANDARDS

Edak Ezeanosike^*, Nneka Ogbu, Kene Joe-Akunne, Amarachi Okpara, Chinonye Ngwu, June Azu-Okeke

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood and is highly curable when detected early, with survival exceeding 95% in high-income countries. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), survival remains below 40% due to systemic and cultural barriers. Although the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) defines minimum standards for manpower a...

Feb, 2026 pp. 39-54

16

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.vpethnkx

ACUTE TOXICITY PROFILE OF CERVICAL AND UTERINE CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH CHEMORADIATION: A 10-YEAR REVIEW

Yusuf Tukur^*, Usman M. Aliyu, Abubakar M. Bello, Sunday A. Adewuyi, Oladapo B. Campbell, Aisha Mustapha, Yusuf Dantani, Ibrahim A. Umar, Shehu Salihu Umar

Background: Radiation therapy is integral to treating many gynaecologic cancers.Objective: We sought to determine the frequency and severity of acute toxicity in patients who had pelvic radiotherapy for cervical and uterine cancers.Methods: A retrospective study of all women who had pelvic radiation for cervical and uterine cancers at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria,...

Feb, 2026 pp. 87-98

17

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.mvp44bin

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN ARISING FROM A LEPROMATOUS ULCER: A CASE REPORT

Charles Okwonna^*, Mahmud Ahmed, Sunday A. Adewuyi, Adamu Abdullahi, Shehu Salihu Umar

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies globally. While basal cell carcinoma predominates in fair-skinned populations, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively more common among black populations. Chronic ulcers, including rare cases of lepromatous ulcers, may undergo malignant transformation into SCC. Case presentation: We present a cas...

Feb, 2026 pp. 124-129

18

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.b36ky0jz

SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGIOSITY IN ONCOLOGY: A SOCIAL STUDY OF PATIENTS’ NEEDS

Chidiebere Agbakwuru^*, Jimoh mutiu alani, Noah Olumide, Anthonia Sowunmi, Wilfred Nwachukwu

Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatment impose significant psychological and existential burdens, particularly in high-religiosity settings like Nigeria, where spirituality and religion often serve as key coping resources. This study examined spiritual well-being (SWB) and its associations with perceived relational and existential outcomes among oncology patients using a validated tool in a Nig...

Feb, 2026 pp. 113-123

19

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.1e4nz1ph

RECURRENT RECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA WITH KRAS MUTATION POST-MFOLFOX6/BEVACIZUMAB REMISSION: A CASE REPORT

Yusuf Tukur^*, Abubakar M. Bello, Usman M. Aliyu, Oladapo B. Campbell, Aisha Mustapha, Abubakar Ibrahim Diggi, Yusuf Dantani, Shehu Salihu Umar

Background: This case report elucidates the clinical trajectory of a 41-year-old male diagnosed with low rectal adenocarcinoma, further complicated by pulmonary metastases, harboring a KRAS mutation, and characterized by microsatellite stability. Case Presentation: This patient demonstrated a significant and favorable response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) regimen ...

Feb, 2026 pp. 130-138

20

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.qa90k046

OUTCOME OF HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS MANAGED WITH CHEMORADIATION AT THE RADIOTHERAPY DEPARTMENT NATIONAL HOSPITAL, ABUJA (A FIVE-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY)

Fatima Inno Uba^*, Simeon C. Aruah, Festus Igbinoba, Rasaaq A. Oyesegun

Background: The term ‘Head and Neck Cancer’ usually refers to squamous cell carcinomas that affect the head and neck regions of the body. However, other histologies are also found in these regions. Objective: This study assessed the outcome of head and neck cancer patients managed with chemoradiation. Methods: A data extraction form was used to obtain sociodemographic and clinical variables from t...

Feb, 2026 pp. 29-38

21

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.agivs4uc

HPV VACCINATION IN NIGERIA: LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE SUCCESSES OF HPV VACCINATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Adeola O. Fakolade^*, Abimbola Fapohunda, Amanda Yad-El Ugboji, Valentina Ijeoma Akpa, Moyosore Adegboye, Oge Ilegbune

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and has been implicated in many cancers, including cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection of various high-risk HPV types, and HPV vaccination is a vital and cost-effective tool in preventing HPV infections, thereby reducing the burden of cervical cancer. The HPV vaccin...

Feb, 2026 pp. 15-28

22

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.g1reavco

EVALUATION OF SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY RESULTS IN A COHORT OF FEMALE HEALTH CARE WORKERS AT THE FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTER, ABUJA, NIGERIA

Oiza Tessy Ahmadu^*, Uchechukwu E. Nwokwu, Olayinka B. Popoola, Adaugo C. Iheanacho, Lateef Lawal, Amarachi. N. Onyebuchi, Rahama Y. Tahir, Tolulope Oloyede, Saad A Ahmed

Background: Mammographic screening has significantly reduced breast cancer mortality in developed countries. However, data on screening outcomes in asymptomatic populations in Nigeria remain limited. Objective: To determine the distribution of BI-RADS categories and breast density patterns among asymptomatic women undergoing screening mammography at Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria. Methods:...

Feb, 2026 pp. 73-86

23

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.qs7fry39

DEVELOPING CAPACITY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES IN SCREENING, EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND APPROPRIATE REFERRAL OF CERVICAL CANCER IN A LOW-RESOURCE SETTING: A PILOT INTERVENTIONAL STUDY

Shehu Salihu Umar^*, Aisha Jamila Ahmad, Anisa Yahya, Mus’ab M. Dalhat, Kabiru Adamu, Khadija M. Kanoma, Zaharaddeen Shuaibu Babandi, Muazu Abdus-Salam, Benjamin O. Popoola

Background: Despite cervical cancer being preventable and treatable if detected early, it is predominantly characterised by late presentation with advanced disease in low-resource settings. This is due to a poor level of awareness of cervical cancer in the population. The Primary Health Centres (PHCs), which constitute 85.4% of all registered health facilities in Nigeria, serve as the first level ...

Feb, 2026 pp. 55-72

24

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.6thr279i

COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES OF RADIATION TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR PROSTATE CANCER IN A RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTING

Oladeji Afolabi adebayo, Ayorinde M. Folasire^*, Foluke O. Sarimiye, Chiamaka Ehiedu, Olabisi T. Ojo

Background: Prostate cancer remains a major malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to advanced radiotherapy is limited. Objective: This study compares biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) and toxicity outcomes among prostate cancer patients who received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) alone, high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) monotherapy, or combined EBRT+HDRBT at West Africa’s ...

Feb, 2026 pp. 99-112

25

Research Article DOI: 10.67579/njo.2026.xabxossl

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WHO PRESENTED AT A SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIAN RADIATION ONCOLOGY CLINIC

Bolaji L. Salako, Abbas A Abdus-Salam, Ajibike A. Orekoya^*, Adeniyi A Olabumuyi, Sharif A. Folorunso, Adeniyi Adenipekun, Atara I Ntekim, Babatunde O Ogunnorin, Oladeji Afolabi adebayo, Jimoh mutiu alani, Foluke O. Sarimiye, Ayorinde M. Folasire

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest female cancer in Nigeria and is also the commonest cause of cancer mortality among Nigerian females. Although the incidence is not as high as the average worldwide incidence rate, the mortality of breast cancer patients in Nigeria is high. Objective: We analysed the sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients who pre...

Feb, 2026 pp. 1-14

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