THE ROLE OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN ACCESS TO CANCER TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

Background: Cancer represents a significant public health challenge worldwide, with disparities in access to care and outcomes particularly pronounced in low-and-middle income countries. In Northern Nigeria, socioeconomic status (SES) serves as a critical determinant of access to cancer treatment and survival outcomes.

Methods: This study qualitatively explores the intricate relationship between SES and cancer care in the region, seeking to uncover nuanced perspectives and systemic barriers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a diverse group of stakeholders, including cancer patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and policymakers, to understand their perspectives on barriers to treatment. Additionally, focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with community members to investigate the role of cultural beliefs, stigma, and gender dynamics in shaping attitudes toward cancer care. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns and key themes, including financial barriers, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and sociocultural influences.

Results: Preliminary findings revealed that low SES is associated with delayed diagnosis, reduced access to treatment facilities, and poor adherence to follow-up care. Participants emphasized the high out-of-pocket costs of treatment and the geographical inaccessibility of specialized oncology centres. Cultural beliefs and stigma, particularly around cancer as a “death sentence,” further discourage individuals from seeking timely medical intervention. Gender norms were also identified as a significant barrier, with women facing greater challenges in accessing care due to dependency on male decision-makers and financial providers.

Conclusion: This study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address SES-related disparities in cancer care, including community education, subsidized treatment programs, and the decentralization of oncology services. By amplifying the voices of affected individuals and stakeholders, this research provides valuable insights for designing equitable cancer care policies and improving outcomes for underserved populations in Northern Nigeria.